Palm Kernel Shell

ColorDark brown to black
ShapeIrregular, oval, or angular shapes
SizeVaries from 5 mm to 20 mm
Bulk Density600 - 640 kg/m³
Moisture Content11 - 13%
Ash Content2 - 4%
Volatile Matter70 - 80%
Fixed Carbon15 - 20%
PorosityHigh, with many pores visible on the surface
HardnessHard, resistant to crushing
Calorific Value4,000 - 4,200 kcal/kg
Combustion CharacteristicsSlow burning with consistent heat output
Specific GravityApproximately 1.2 - 1.4